Goal 9 is founded on the principle that resilient infrastructure, inclusive industrialisation, and technological innovation are essential for sustainable development and economic diversification. It addresses disparities in infrastructure access, industrial capacity, and participation in technological progress.

Key challenges include inadequate transport and digital infrastructure, limited access to finance for small enterprises, fragile supply chains, and the concentration of innovation in a small number of economies. The goal promotes sustainable industrial development that balances productivity with environmental responsibility.

Support comes from institutions such as UN Industrial Development Organization, alongside development banks and innovation networks. Smaller actors like TechSoup help bridge digital divides for civil society and small organisations.

Achievements include expanded mobile connectivity and logistics infrastructure, while challenges persist around digital sovereignty, semiconductor supply chains, and unequal innovation capacity. GSN analyses industry and innovation through sustainability and governance frameworks.